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The command line, also called the Windows command line, command screen, or text interface, is a user interface that's navigated by typing commands at prompts, instead of using a mouse. For example, the Windows folder in a Windows command line is 'C:Windows>' (as shown in the picture). In Unix or Linux, it may be '%' or '>' depending on the shell. Unlike a GUI (graphical user interface) operating system, a command line only uses a keyboard to navigate by entering commands and does not utilize a mouse for navigating.
- The United States Central Command (USCENTCOM or CENTCOM) is one of the eleven unified combatant commands of the U.S. Department of Defense.It was established in 1983, taking over the previous responsibilities of the Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force (RDJTF).
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Why do people use the command line?
Although using a command line interface requires the memorization of many different commands, it can be valuable resource and should not be ignored. Using a command line, you can perform almost all the same tasks that can be done with a GUI. However, many tasks can be performed quicker and can be easier to automate and do remotely.
For example, users who have Microsoft Windows may find a task such as renaming 100+ files in a folder, a very time intensive task. However, renaming 100+ files in a directory can be done in less than a minute with a single command in the command line. The task could also be automated using a batch file or other scripts to run instantly.
Example of doing a task in the command line
For someone with little or no experience with a command line, it may be difficult to grasp how the command line is used. Below is an overview to help demonstrate a task done in the Windows command line and in the Windows GUI.
Move all .txt files to a backup directory in a Windows command line
- Move to the directory containing the .txt files using the cd command. For example, you could move to the hope user's documents by typing 'cdusershopedocuments' at the prompt.
- Once in the directory, if a backup directory did not exist you could use the md command and type 'md backup' to make a new backup directory.
- Finally, to move all .txt files you could use the move command and type 'move *.txt backup' to move all .txt files to the backup folder. The * is used as a wildcard.
Move all .txt files to a backup folder in a Windows
For a comparison to the above command line steps. Below are the steps on how to perform the same action (moving .txt files) in Windows.
- Open the drive and folder containing the .txt files. For example, you could move into the C: drive and navigate to the Users folder, Hope folder, and then the Documents folder to open them for the hope user.
- Once in the folder, if a backup folder did not exist, you could right-click in the folder, click New, select Folder, and name it 'backup' to create a new backup folder.
- If Windows Explorer is not showing the files in the Details view, click the View tab and select Details.
- Click the Type column to browse files by type.
- Highlight all .txt files.
- Right-click the highlighted and select Cut.
- Open the backup folder, and in that folder, right-click and then click Paste to move all files into that folder.
As demonstrated in the two examples above, performing the same task in a command line does require learning at least three commands. However, once these commands are known, it requires less steps in a command line than in Windows. These same commands could also be used in a batch file or other scripting language to automate the process. For example, you could automate backing up files by copying the files instead of moving them. Once the commands are written in a batch file, double-click the batch file to perform all the copying.
Command line commands
There are hundreds of different commands that can be used in a command line. Remembering all the commands, syntax, and options of every command would be impossible, which is why we've created the below pages. Below are links to our Windows command line, MS-DOS, Linux, and Unix command listings. Each of these pages has hundreds of commands with full syntax and examples of how to use each command.
Text interface with menus in a command line
A text interface can be made easier to navigate using menus created with text and ASCII extended characters. For example, many command line text editors use an interface with menus and shortcut keys that make navigating the file being edited easier. The picture below is an example of the MS-DOS editor used to edit files while at the MS-DOS or Windows command line.
Although a text interface with menus has a lot more visual appeal than the command line, this interface is still considered a text interface and not a graphical interface.
Should I learn a command line?
We're strong believers you should learn as much as you can about computers to make using a computer easier. Having a basic understanding of the command line from reading this page gives you a much greater advantage than someone unfamiliar with its capabilities. Below are some reasons you may want to learn even more about the command line.
- You need ways to manage files faster and easier on a computer.
- You work with computers remotely.
- Manage files on a file server or web server (e.g., managing a web page).
- Need to automate commonly performed tasks.
- Want to learn even more about computers.
Should I use 'command line' or 'command-line' in my writing?
Both 'command line' and 'command-line' are acceptable and widely used in today's writing. When used as an adjective before a noun, use 'command-line' (with a hyphen) in your writing to help prevent confusion. For example, in the sentence 'Make sure you entered the correct command-line parameter.' the word 'command-line' is describing a type of parameter.
When used as a noun, use 'command line' (with no hyphen) in your writing. For example, in the sentence 'Open the command line.' the use of 'command line' is used as a noun.
Related pages
Argument, CUI, Elevated command prompt, MS-DOS, Operating system terms, Virtual real mode
Organization
The Army, as one of the three military departments (Army, Navy and Air Force) reporting to the Department of Defense, is composed of two distinct and equally important components: the active component and the reserve components. The reserve components are the United States Army Reserve and the Army National Guard.
Regardless of component, the Army conducts both operational and institutional missions. The operational Army consists of numbered armies, corps, divisions, brigades, and battalions that conduct full spectrum operations around the world. The institutional Army supports the operational Army. Institutional organizations provide the infrastructure necessary to raise, train, equip, deploy, and ensure the readiness of all Army forces. The training base provides military skills and professional education to every Soldier—as well as members of sister services and allied forces. It also allows the Army to expand rapidly in time of war. The industrial base provides world-class equipment and logistics for the Army. Army installations provide the power-projection platforms required to deploy land forces promptly to support combatant commanders. Once those forces are deployed, the institutional Army provides the logistics needed to support them.
Without the institutional Army, the operational Army cannot function. Without the operational Army, the institutional Army has no purpose.
Army Command Structure
Army Commands (ACOM):
U.S. Army Forces Command (FORSCOM)Fort Bragg, North Carolina
FORSCOM trains, mobilizes, deploys, sustains, transforms, and reconstitutes assigned conventional forces, providing relevant and ready land power to combatant commanders.
U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC)Fort Eustis, Virginia
TRADOC recruits, trains, and educates the Army's Soldiers; develops leaders; supports training in units; develops doctrine; establishes standards; and builds the future Army.
U.S. Army Materiel Command (AMC)Redstone Arsenal, Alabama
AMC provides superior technology, acquisition support and logistics to ensure dominant land force capability for Soldiers, the United States, and our Allies.
U.S. Army Futures Command (AFC)Austin, Texas
AFC will modernize the Army for the future; integrate the future operational environment, develop and deliver future force requirements, design future force organizations and deliver materiel capabilities.
Army Service Component Commands (ASCC):
U.S. Army Africa (USARAF)Vicenza, Italy
USARAF/SETAF provides mission command and employs forces to set the theater, conduct security force assistance, and provide support to joint and international partners in order to achieve USAFRICOM Theater Campaign Plan objectives.
U.S. Army Central (USARCENT)Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina
USARCENT is the assigned Army Service Component Command (ASCC) to the United States Central Command (USCENTCOM) and provides continuous oversight and control of Army operations throughout the USCENTCOM Area of Responsibility (AOR).
U.S. Army North (USARNORTH)Fort Sam Houston, Texas
USARNORTH is the assigned Army Service Component Command (ASCC) to the United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) and provides continuous oversight and control of Army operations throughout the USNORTHCOM Area of Responsibility (AOR).
U.S. Army South (USARSOUTH)Fort Sam Houston, Texas
USARSOUTH is the assigned Army Service Component Command (ASCC) to the United States Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM) and provides continuous oversight and control of Army operations throughout the USSOUTHCOM Area of Responsibility (AOR).
U.S. Army Europe (USAREUR)Wiesbaden, Germany
USAREUR is the Army Service Component Command (ASCC) assigned to the United States European Command (USEUCOM) and provides continuous oversight and control of Army operations throughout the EUCOM Area of Responsibility (AOR).
U.S. Army Pacific (USARPAC)Fort Shafter, Hawaii
USARPAC is the assigned Army Service Component Command (ASCC) to the United States Pacific Command USPACOM and provides continuous oversight and control of army operations throughout the USPACOM Area of Responsibility (AOR) less the Korean Peninsula.
U.S. Army Special Operations Command (USASOC)Fort Bragg, North Carolina
USASOC is the assigned Army Service Component Command (ASCC) to the United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM).
Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (SDDC)Scott Air Force Base, Illinois
SDDC is the assigned Army Service Component Command (ASCC) to the United States Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM) and a Major Subordinate Command (MSC) to U.S. Army Materiel Command (AMC).
U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command (USASMDC)Huntsville, Alabama
USASMDC is the assigned Army Service Component Command (ASCC) to the United States Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) and provides continuous oversight, control, integration, and coordination of Army forces supporting USSTRATCOM.
U.S. Army Cyber Command (USARCYBER)Fort Gordon, Georgia
United States Army Cyber Command is an operational level Army force, with ARCYBER designated by the Secretary of the Army as an Army Service Component Command to U.S. Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM). Army Cyber Command directs and conducts integrated electronic warfare, cyberspace and information operations as authorized, or directed, to ensure freedom of action in and through cyberspace and the information environment, and to deny the same to our adversaries.
Direct Reporting Units (DRU):
U.S. Army Medical Command (MEDCOM)Fort Sam Houston, Texas
MEDCOM is designated as a Direct Reporting Unit (DRU) by the Secretary of the Army. The MEDCOM provides medical, dental, and veterinary capabilities to the Army and designated DoD activities; operates fixed facilities; conducts medical research, materiel development and acquisition; educates and trains personnel; and develops medical concepts, doctrine, and systems to support Army healthcare delivery.
U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM)Fort Belvoir, Virginia
INSCOM is designated by the Secretary of the Army as a Direct Reporting Unit (DRU) and reports directly to the Army DCS, G-2. The INSCOM synchronizes the operations of all INSCOM units to produce intelligence in support of the Army, Combatant Commands, and the National intelligence community.
U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Command (USACIDC)Quantico, Virginia
USACIDC is designated as a Direct Reporting Unit (DRU) by the Secretary of the Army. The USACIDC conducts sensitive or special interest investigations as directed by the Secretary of the Army or the Chief of Staff of the Army; plans for and provides personal security (protective services) for DoD and Department of the Army officials as designated by the Secretary of the Army or the Chief of Staff of the Army; provides criminal investigative support to all Army elements including forensic support; maintains overall responsibility for Army investigations of controlled substances; conducts and controls all Army investigations of serious crimes, less serious crimes, upon request, or as necessary for effective Army law enforcement, and fraud; and other crimes arising in Army procurement activities.
U.S. Army Human Resources Command (HRC)Fort Knox, Kentucky
The U.S. Army Human Resources Command executes distribution, strategic talent management, personnel programs and services Army wide in order to optimize Total Force personnel readiness and strengthen an agile and adaptive Army.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)Washington, D.C.
USACE is designated as a Direct Reporting Unit (DRU) by the Secretary of the Army. The USACE provides engineering services and capabilities in support of National interests.
U.S. Army Military District of Washington (MDW)Fort McNair, Washington, D.C.
MDW is designated as a Direct Reporting Unit (DRU) by the Secretary of the Army and reports directly to the Chief of Staff of the Army. The MDW is a geographic command with responsibilities that extend throughout the U.S. National Capitol Region (NCR) – Washington, D.C. metropolitan area.
U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC)Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
ATEC is designated as a Direct Reporting Unit (DRU) by the Secretary of the Army and reports directly to the Chief of Staff of the Army. The ATEC plans, integrates, and conducts: experiments, developmental testing, independent operational testing, and independent evaluations and assessments to provide essential information to acquisition decision makers and Commanders.
U.S. Military Academy (USMA)West Point, New York
USMA is designated as a Direct Report Unit (DRU) by the Secretary of the Army and reports directly to the Chief of Staff of the Army. The mission of the USMA is to educate, train, and inspire the Corps of Cadets so that each graduate is a commissioned leader of character committed to the values of Duty, Honor, Country and prepared for a career of professional excellence and service to the Nation as an officer in the United States Army.
U.S. Army Acquisition Support Center (USAASC)Fort Belvoir, Virginia
USAASC is designated as a Direct Reporting Unit (DRU) by the Secretary of the Army and reports directly to the ASA (ALT). The USAASC supports the readiness of the Army by continually improving the Army's capability through all stages of materiel development, developing a professional acquisition workforce and supporting the acquisition community at all levels.
U.S. Army War CollegeCarlisle, Pennsylvania
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The purpose of U.S. Army War College at this time in our Nation's history is to produce graduates from all our courses who are skilled critical thinkers and complex problem solvers in the global application of Landpower. The goal is to provide high quality Professional Military Education, aggressively Conduct Research, Publish, Engage in Discourse, and Wargame with the entire faculty, staff, students and fellows, conduct strategic leader development, and attract, recruit, and retain a high quality faculty and staff.
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Arlington National CemeteryArlington, Virginia
On behalf of the American people, Arlington National Cemetery lays to rest those who have served our nation with dignity and honor, treating their families with respect and compassion, and connecting guests to the rich tapestry of the cemetery's living history, while maintaining these hallowed grounds befitting the sacrifice of all those who rest here in quiet repose.
Civilian Human Resources AgencyAberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
CHRA provides comprehensive human resources services for the Army. As a DRU under the Department of the Army G-1, CHRA is part of the Army’s initiative to mold human resources functions into a corporate structure, enabling efficient and effective human resources support worldwide.