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Before installing a Compressor update, verify that your system still meets Compressor system requirements. Then make sure to back up the currently installed version of Compressor and any custom settings you may have created.

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New in Compressor 4.5.4

Released July 8, 2021

Improves stability with certain macOS Language & Region preferences.
Fixes an issue where a layer type could not be set when burning a DVD or Blu-ray disc.

Get complete step-by-step how-to instructions and information on all features in Compressor. For a list of recent enhancements in Compressor, refer to What's New in Compressor.

Previous versions

Compressor 4.5.3

Released June 17, 2021

Adds the ability to modify the start timecode of a source clip or audio file.
Adds the ability to choose the color palette and dithering algorithm to minimize the file size of PNGs and GiFs.
Adds the ability to resize vertical video to other vertical frame sizes and square video to other square frame sizes with new Up To presets in the inspector.
Adds the ability to resize video to vertical and square aspect ratios using new presets for Cropping and Padding in the inspector.
Allows a user to disable passthrough of source metadata to output audio files and MOV, MP4, M4V, and MXF video formats.
Adds an alert when a group of shared computers contains a Mac with an incompatible Compressor version.
Adds support for MXF language tags.
Adds the ability to write an AVCHD disk image to the file system.
Adds keyboard shortcuts to create new batches for iTunes Store or IMF Packages types.
Fixes an issue where DPX or Cineon image sequences were imported with an incorrect frame rate.

Compressor 4.5.2

Released March 4, 2021

Fixes an issue with an incorrect preview image when using the Timecode Generator effect.
Adds a new icon for captions in the batch area.

Compressor 4.5.1

Released December 14, 2020

Adds a Prepare for YouTube & Facebook share option to create a file for uploading to those sites.
Includes stability improvements.

Compressor 4.5

Released November 12, 2020

Improves performance and efficiency on Mac computers with Apple silicon.
Export HLG high-dynamic-range projects with Dolby Vision 8.4 metadata for optimized playback on Apple devices.
Fixes an issue where audio sync could drift when changing the frame rate of a clip.
Fixes an issue where creating a BluRay disc from a DV-PAL source would fail.
Includes built-in support for Avid DNxHR^® and Avid DNxHD^® decoding and playback.

Compressor 4.4.8

Released September 24, 2020

Fixes an issue in which XAVC media from the Sony PXW-FX9 camera is not recognized.

Compressor 4.4.7

Released August 25, 2020

Camera log conversion

Convert log-encoded video to SDR and HDR color spaces.
Choose from built-in Camera LUTs for Panasonic, Sony, Canon, Blackmagic, Nikon and ARRI log .
Add a custom Camera LUT to achieve accurate conversions for cameras without a built-in option or to match on-set looks.

Custom LUT effect

Apply third-party creative LUTs to footage to add a custom look during compression.
Support for .cube, .mga, and .m3d file formats.
Set the output color space to SDR or HDR.

Compressor 4.4.7 also includes the following:

Improves speed and reliability using distributed processing over SMB.
Create ProRes IMF Packages including support for multiple languages.
Support for playback of PNG movie files.
Fixes an issue in which droplets would not recognize .m4v files.
Fixes an issue where a DV codec with a 709 Color Profile fails to transcode.
Fixes an issue in which image sequences may export with the incorrect color bit depth.
Fixes an issue where a system could run out of memory when the Active tab is open while processing a batch on a MacBook Pro with Touch Bar.

Compressor 4.4.6

Released December 10, 2019

Improves stability when using Reverse Telecine.
Improves reliability when importing Dolby Vision metadata.
Fixes an issue in which an error was erroneously reported when applying Dolby Vision metadata to a package created for the iTunes Store.
Fixes an issue in which an error was erroneously reported when verifying a package created for the iTunes Store.

Compressor 4.4.5

Released October 7, 2019

New Metal-based processing engine improves playback and accelerates graphics tasks, including rendering, compositing, and exporting.
Enhances graphics performance with support for multiple GPUs, including Radeon Pro Vega II and Radeon Pro Vega II Duo on Mac Pro.
Optimizes CPU performance with support for up to 28 CPU cores on Mac Pro.
Improves performance of ProRes and ProRes RAW decode when using the Afterburner card on Mac Pro.
View and deliver stunning High Dynamic Range (HDR) video on Apple Pro Display XDR.
Tone maps HDR video to compatible Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) displays when using Compressor on macOS Catalina.
Improves load balancing of graphics processing across multiple GPUs.
Supports HEVC playback with alpha channel.
Encodes HEVC with alpha channel in a QuickTime movie file.
Displays timecode as drop frame, non-drop frame, frames, or absolute time.
Simultaneously imports multiple image sequences.
Supports audio track reassignment and specifying a job action using the command line in Terminal.
Provides option to automatically resize watermark to export dimensions.
iTunes Store creates SDR delivery from packages submitted with HDR and Dolby Vision metadata.

Compressor 4.4.4

Released March 21, 2019

Detects media files that may be incompatible with future versions of macOS after Mojave.
Improves reliability when sharing video to YouTube.

Compressor 4.4.3

Released December 13, 2018

Support for ProRes RAW and ProRes RAW HQ formats on Mac computers that support Metal.

Compressor 4.4.2

64-bit architecture takes advantage of all memory in your Mac to support high resolution images and projects.
Backward compatibility supports legacy 32-bit formats.
View, edit, and deliver closed captions in the SRT format, which is used by a wide range of websites including Facebook.
Compressor uses source media properties to automatically configure MXF and QuickTime settings.
Automatic configuration of settings applies correct frame rate, field order, and color space.

Compressor 4.4.2 also includes the following:

Audio

Automatically configure audio properties when using the QuickTime format to transcode audio files.

Closed Captions

Adds playhead to Closed Captions inspector that marks the current playback position.

Metadata

Fixes an issue where metadata did not appear when transcoding to Apple Devices.
Fixes an issue where removing metadata added from a source file could be deleted but appeared in the transcoded media file
Improves metadata handling.

MXF

Improves reliability when using the Automatic or Same as source color space settings for MXF files.

User Interface

Improves layout and readability of Inspector pane.

Compressor 4.4.1

Closed captions

View, adjust, and deliver closed captions.
Import caption files into a batch or iTunes Store package.
Use the Inspector to adjust text, color, onscreen location, and timing.
Search text and select single or multiple captions in the Inspector.
Support for multiple languages and formats in an iTunes Store package.
Validation indicator instantly warns about common errors including caption overlaps, incorrect characters, invalid formatting, and more.
Embed captions in an exported video file or create a separate caption sidecar file.
Share captioned videos directly to YouTube and Vimeo.
Support for CEA-608 and iTT closed caption formats.

Audio descriptions

Include audio description files in any iTunes Store package.

Compressor 4.4.1 also includes the following:

MXF Settings are moved from the Custom settings to the built-In section of the settings pane.
YouTube “Visit” and “Tell a Friend” buttons open video URL correctly.
Fixes an issue where cropping lines did not display in the Viewer of an iTunes Store Package.
An error is displayed if HTTP Live Streaming job action is applied to HEVC outputs.
Fixes an issue where XDCAM batches fail.
.PSD files load correctly as background images when creating DVD and Blu-ray jobs.
Support for movies DVD and Blu-ray menus.

Compressor 4.4

360 VR delivery

Encode 360° video in a wide range of formats and frame sizes.
Share 360° video directly to YouTube, Facebook, and Vimeo.
Export 360° video files with embedded industry-standard spherical metadata.
Support for monoscopic and stereoscopic formats.

High Dynamic Range

Deliver High Dynamic Range (HDR) video with controls for color space conversions and HDR metadata.
Deliver HDR video as P3 D65 PQ, and Rec. 2020 HLG, and Rec. 2020 PQ for HDR10.
Easily convert HDR to Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) video.
Support in the iTunes Store Package to link a Dolby Vision graded video file to a Dolby Vision XML.

HEVC

Encode video in the High Efficiency Video Coding format (HEVC, also known as H.265) for file sizes up to 40 percent smaller than H.264 while preserving the same visual quality.*
Create a custom HEVC export setting in Compressor and use it in Final Cut Pro.
Send Final Cut Pro and Motion projects to Compressor to encode video in the HEVC format.
Create a self-contained HEVC droplet for drag-and-drop encoding on the desktop.

MXF

Encode MXF files with support for a wide range of codecs and parameters.
New MXF presets include AVC-Intra, D-10 / IMX, ProRes, and XDCAM HD in a variety of frame rates and resolutions.
Support for ProRes and 10-bit Uncompressed video within an MXF container.
Support for HDR video in an MXF container

* HEVC support requires macOS High Sierra.

Issues addressed in Compressor 4.4

Panasonic GH5 MP4 files exported to ProRes no longer produce three green frames at the beginning of a file.
Improves stability when converting 29.97i video to 25p using Best retiming mode.
Detailed error message is displayed when transcoding onto a full drive.
Improves performance of watermarked 240fps source media.
New animated GIF image settings: Small for up to 428 x 240 at 15 fps (optimized for messaging and websites) and Large for up to 640 x 360 at 25 fps (optimized for high-quality playback).
Frame rates correctly identified for iPhone movies.
Fixes an issue where DV codecs did not configure video frame size, pixel aspect, and field order correctly.

Compressor 4.3.2

Compressor 4.4 1 Dmg Parts

Command line options for monitoring job status.
Dithering option adds noise to images to minimize distracting patterns such as color banding.
Option when creating an iTunes Store package to identify health warning text, as required by Indian law.
Improves watermark image quality.
Support for animated PNG and animated GIF image sequences.
Timecode filter is accurately displayed against drop-frame media.
Fixes sync for audio transcoded to AC-3.
Resolves issues in which Share to DVD could become unresponsive.
Improves font quality of DVD menu and chapter titles.
Improves image quality when creating a DVD.
Enhanced DVD User dialog messages with embedded links to documentation.

Compressor 4.3.1

Fade In/Fade Out filter is applied correctly when using distributed encoding.
Disc name and titles are correctly displayed when using languages with double-byte characters.
Location paths are respected when using Compressor via Terminal.
Improves performance when exporting H.264 files and changing frame rate.
Exporting ProRes 4444 files with transparency using Compressor creates a correct alpha channel.
Fixes an issue that could prevent processing files using 32-bit codecs including Animation, PNG, Cinepak, and WMV.
Fixes an issue in which marker buttons on the Touch Bar may be displayed incorrectly.
Fixes an issue that could prevent burning Final Cut Pro projects to DVD via Apple USB SuperDrive.

Compressor 4.3

Redesigned dark interface puts the focus on your video, with a streamlined presentation of batches and settings.
Detailed video and audio file information is now displayed in the Inspector.
Deliver video in standard Rec. 601 and Rec. 709 color spaces, or in wide Rec. 2020 color space.
iTunes Store Package preview lets you audition alternative audio, closed captions, or subtitles to verify sync.
iTunes Store Package media pass-through lets you bypass unnecessary compression.
iTunes Store Package preview lets you seamlessly switch between audio streams during asset playback to speed up verification.
Batch warnings and failures are now reported with detailed, actionable notes.
Still image improvements include support for multiple color spaces and higher bit depths.
Support for DPX, Cineon, OpenEXR still images.
Support for OpenEXR image sequences.
Enhanced DPX support delivers more accurate interpretation of color information, pixel aspect ratio, interlacing, and timing.
Improved performance for image processing including frame rate conversions, interlacing, scaling, optical flow retiming, effects, and color space conversions.
Automatic selection of optimal bit depth allows for higher-quality transcoding, color processing, and effects.
Improved efficiency of CPU and GPU processing.
New DVD disc templates give you more menu and background options.
New options for DVD authoring let you loop playback, add motion menus, and customize menu images.

Compressor 4.3 also includes the following:

Subtitles are validated on import with detailed, actionable notes.
Automatic language detection for iTunes Store package assets.

Compressor 4.2.2

4K export preset to create video files for Apple devices.
Fixes an issue in which Closed Caption files could be incorrectly labeled as SDH subtitles when creating an iTunes Store Package.
Fixes an issue in which the Navigation window fails to display the source clip when the Preview window is zoomed.
Launch screen displays correctly on OS X El Capitan.
Adds iPhone 6s, iPhone 6s Plus, iPad Pro, and Apple TV HD to the Apple Devices compatibility list.

Compressor 4.2.1

Fixes an issue that could cause Compressor to unexpectedly quit after migrating a user account to another system.
Restores the ability to use markers for i-frame placement in H.264 exports.
Exports interlaced H.264 files.
Improves audio and video sync of closed captions and subtitles.

Compressor 4.2

New features

Create an iTunes Store Package for iTunes Store submission.
Easily add your movie, trailer, closed captions, and subtitles to your iTunes Store Package.
Preview closed captions and subtitles right in the Viewer.
Zoom in the Viewer to watch content with true pixel accuracy.
GPU rendering when using 'Send to Compressor' with support for dual GPUs.
Hardware-accelerated, multi-pass H.264 encoding on compatible systems.
Automatic bit-rate calculation to MPEG-4 and H.264 QuickTime movies.
Display and assign channels to QuickTime audio tracks prior to processing.
Optional matrix stereo down-mix when processing surround sound for QuickTime output.
CABAC entropy mode for multi-pass encoding.

Compressor 4.2 also includes the following:

Jobs submitted via Droplet now appear in the Active and Completed tabs.
Improved stability when using Apple AES3 Audio format with ProRes 422 HQ.

Compressor 4.1.3

Compressor 4.1.3 fixes reliability issues when burning a Blu-ray Disc or creating a Blu-ray disk image.

Compressor 4.1.2

Support for Apple ProRes 4444 XQ
Status display and improved responsiveness when using 'Send to Compressor' from Final Cut Pro X and Motion.
Improved performance and color accuracy when encoding H.264 source files from GoPro cameras.
Fixes issues transcoding alpha channels in image sequences.

This update also includes the following general stability improvements.

Compressor 4.1.1

Resolves issues with installing Compressor on a computer where Qmaster was previously enabled.
Improves the reliability of 'Send to Compressor' from Final Cut Pro X.
Addresses distributed encoding errors when source files are not on the startup volume.
Fixes errors that could cause a hang when submitting a batch.
Fixes a stability issue that could occur if multiple Compressor plug-ins are installed.
Resolves an issue when viewing a plug-in setting without the plug-in installed.
Includes general stability improvements.

Compressor 4.1

New interface with a single-window layout and streamlined controls.
Preset Destinations for common encoding tasks.
Simplified setup for distributed encoding.
Hardware-based H.264 encoding in supported Share operations.
Support for Dolby Digital Plus encoding.
Share directly to YouTube at 4K resolution.
Share directly to Chinese video sites Youku and Tudou.

Compressor 4.0.7

Removes 1 GB file size limit for uploads to Vimeo.
Fixes a stability issue when playing back certain MPEG-2 files.
Fixes a stability issue in Qmaster when processing multiple jobs.

Compressor 4.0.6

This update improves overall stability and performance including fixing an issue with uploading clips larger than 1 GB to Vimeo.

Compressor 4.0.5

Improved cluster setup eliminates the need to have Compressor open on all cluster nodes.
Ability to use encoding clusters without administrator authentication.
Addresses an issue related to third-party QuickTime components that could prevent Compressor from opening.

Compressor 4.0.4

Compressor version 4.0.4 improves overall stability and performance including:

Enhancements to Share Monitor for MacBook Pro (Retina, Mid 2012).
Resolves a stability issue that could occur when selecting the Publish to YouTube job action from the Inspector.

Compressor 4.0.3

Ability to run Compressor on a Mac without a monitor.
Fixes an issue with exporting when logged in as an Open Directory user.
Improves performance when encoding MP4 and AVI files.
Adds an export setting for 1080p video on compatible iOS devices.

Compressor 4.0.2

Markers are set as chapter markers by default.
Adds Uncompressed 8-bit and 10-bit 4:2:2 to export settings list.
Improves the speed of transcoding from Uncompressed 10-bit 4:2:2 to ProRes.

Compressor 4.0.1

Updates the bitrates in Cellular settings for HTTP Live Streaming.
Fixes an issue with accessing QuickTime Export Component settings in Final Cut Pro X.
Fixes an issue in which This Computer cluster does not appear when OS X is configured in Chinese.
Resolves stability issues when launching Soundtrack Pro after Compressor 4 is installed.

Back up Compressor

Before updating, you should back up the currently installed version of the Compressor application and any custom settings.

Back up the Compressor Application

To back up the currently installed Compressor application:

Create a new folder in the Applications folder, and name it after the application (for example, 'Compressor 4.2.2'). To check your version of Compressor, open the application and choose About Compressor from the Compressor menu.
Select the Compressor application in the Applications folder. Choose File > Compress 'Compressor.' It will take a few minutes to compress.
Move the resulting 'Compressor.zip' file into the folder you created in step 1.
Move the folder containing the .zip file to a backup drive.

Back up Compressor settings

To back up Compressor settings, copy any custom settings files from ~/Library/Application Support/Compressor/Settings to a new folder.

PMML 4.4.1 - General Structure

For Time Series models, please see the Notice of Essential Claims.

PMML uses XML to represent mining models. The structure of the models is described by an XML Schema. One or more mining models can be contained in a PMML document. A PMML document is an XML document with a root element of type PMML. The general structure of a PMML document is:

The namespaces in the PMML Schema itself are defined as:

Note that because of the namespace declaration in its current form, PMML cannot be mixed with content of a different namespace.

Although a PMML document must be valid with respect to the PMML XSD, a document must not require a validating parser, which would load external entities. In addition to being a valid XML document, a valid PMML document must obey a number of further rules which are described at various places in the PMML specification. See also the conformance rules for valid PMML documents, producers, and consumers.

The root element of a PMML document must have type PMML.

A PMML document can contain more than one model. If the application system provides a means of selecting models by name and if the PMML consumer specifies a model name, then that model is used; otherwise the first model is used.

A PMML compliant system is not required to provide model selection by name.

The list of mining models in a PMML document may even be empty. The document can be used to carry the initial metadata before an actual model is computed. A PMML document containing no model is not meant to be useful for a PMML consumer.

For PMML 4.4 the attribute version must have the value 4.4

The element MiningBuildTask can contain any XML value describing the configuration of the training run that produced the model instance. This information is not directly needed by a PMML consumer, but in many cases it is helpful for maintenance and visualization of the model. The particular content structure of MiningBuildTask is not defined by PMML. Though, this element would be the natural container for task specifications as defined by other mining standards, e.g., in SQL or Java.

In general, field names in PMML should be unique. Avoiding name duplication is a good practice since it makes life easier for consumers and, with few exceptions, certain field names cannot be duplicated under any circumstances (e.g., DerivedFields in the TransformationDictionary). For more information on field names, see Scope of Fields.

Certain types of PMML models such as neural networks or logistic regression can be used for different purposes. That is, some instances implement prediction of numeric values, while others can be used for classification. Therefore, PMML defines several different mining functions. Each model has an attribute functionName which specifies the mining function.

For all PMML models the structure of the top-level model element is similar to the template of ExampleModel as below

A non-empty list of mining fields defines a mining schema. The output element gives a list of result values and internal results such as confidences or probabilities that can be computed by the model. The univariate statistics contain global statistics on (a subset of the) mining fields. The targets section holds more information on the target values and accompanying information like prior probabilities, optypes and the like. LocalTransformations holds derived fields that are local to the model. Other model specific elements follow after that, in the content of ExampleModel. Finally, the ModelVerification part gives sample data and results of the model so consumers can instantly validate.
For a list of models that have been defined in PMML 4.4 see the element PMML above.

modelName: the value in modelName identifies the model with a unique name in the context of the PMML file. This attribute is not required. Consumers of PMML models are free to manage the names of the models at their discretion.

functionName and algorithmName describe the kind of mining model, e.g., whether it is intended to be used for clustering or for classification. The algorithm name is free-type and can be any description for the specific algorithm that produced the model. This attribute is for information only.

Ties

Although rare, it is possible for classification models to identify more than one 'winning' outcomes. In these instances, PMML doesn't define a tie-breaking procedure but recommends that the category appearing first in the predictor's DataField be selected.

Naming Conventions

The naming conventions for PMML are:

Element Names are in mixed case, first uppercase.
AttributeNames are in mixed case, first lowercase.
Constants in enumerations are in mixed case, first lowercase.
SimpleTypes are all uppercase.

Usage of the character '-' is discouraged in order to avoid confusion with mathematical notation.

Extension Mechanism

The PMML schema contains a mechanism for extending the content of a model. Extension elements should be present as the first child in all elements and groups defined in PMML. This way it is possible to place information in the Extension elements which affects how the remaining entries are treated. The main element in each model should have Extension elements as the first and the last child for maximum flexibility.

These extension elements have a content model of ANY, where vendor specific extension elements can be included. However, element types must start with X-. This convention helps to avoid conflicts with possible future extensions to standard PMML.
Extension also features the attributes name and value to specify single extension attributes, where name will specify the name of the extension attribute and value the respective value.

If a document uses local namespaces, then the name of the namespace should not start with PMML or DMG or any variant of these names with lowercase characters. They are reserved for future use in PMML.

Up to PMML 2.1, extension attributes could be added to all elements in PMML if the prefix x- was used. This mechanism is deprecated, extension elements should be used instead. PMML documents with extension attributes using the old convention are still considered to be valid PMML. However, note that PMML documents containing old-style x- extension attributes will not validate in XML schema, but one can use XSL transformation to remove all x- extension attributes and receive an XML document that will validate.

Examples

An extension attribute format can be added to a DataField like this:

An extension element DataFieldSource can be added to a DataField in the PCDATA section like this:

Basic data types and entities

The definition

is commonly used for distinguishing numeric values from other data. Numbers may have a leading sign, fractions, and an exponent. In addition to NUMBER there are a couple of more specific types, they are like subtypes of NUMBER:

An INT-NUMBER must be an integer, no fractions or exponent.

A REAL-NUMBER can be any number covered by the C/C++ types float, long or double. Scientific notation, eg., 1.23e4, is allowed. Literals INF, -INF, and NaN are not supported.

PMML uses the character '.' as decimal point in the representation of REAL-NUMBER values.

A PROB-NUMBER is a REAL-NUMBER between 0.0 and 1.0, usually describing a probability.

A PERCENTAGE-NUMBER is a REAL-NUMBER between 0.0 and 100.0.

Note that these entities do not enforce the XML parser to check the data types. However they still define requirements for a valid PMML document.

Many elements contain references to input fields. PMML does not use IDREF to represent field names because field names are not necessarily valid XML identifiers. However, given the definition

then references to input fields will be obvious from the schema syntax. Note that a model can refer to two kinds of input fields. One is the set of MiningFields in the MiningSchema. The others are the DerivedFields as defined in TransformationDictionary or LocalTransformations. Further note that field names, like all other elements of PMML and in XML in general, are case sensitive.

Plain Arrays of Values

Instances of mining models often contain sets with a large number of values. The type Array is defined as a container structure which implements arrays of numbers and strings in a fairly compact way.

The content of Array is a blank separated sequence of values, multiple blanks are as good as one blank. The attribute n determines the number of elements in the sequence. If n is given it must match the number of values in the content, otherwise the PMML document is invalid. The attribute type is required since parsing an array is simpler if the type of the values in the content is specified up-front. This is particularly true for SAX based parsing. In many cases the type of the values is known from the context where the Array appears. But there are also cases where Arrays can be mixed e.g., in the statistics elements. String values may be enclosed within double quotes ', which are not considered to be part of the value. If a string value contains the double quote character ' , then it must be escaped by a backslash character (that is the same escaping mechanism as used in C/C++).

Example:

The second array contains the three strings 'ab', 'a b', and 'with 'quotes' '.

Similar to the entities for different types of numbers we define entities for arrays which should have a specific content type. Again, these entities just map to a single XML markup.

A NUM-ARRAY is an array of numbers. The other entities define arrays which contain integers, reals or strings.

Sparse Arrays of Values

A special case of arrays are sparse arrays which only store elements with non-zero values.

The attribute n specifies the length of the sparse array, which is especially useful in case the last entries are not explicitly specified. defaultValue can be used to specify an arbitrary default value for all positions which are not specified by the two arrays.
The content of SparseArray is two arrays, Indices and INT-Entries or REAL-Entries. In both cases, the length is implicitly implied, and the content is defined by the kind of the sparse array. Indices contains the indices of entries that do not have the defaultValue; the index starts with 1. INT-Entries and REAL-Entries contain the respective values for the indices specified in Indices. Or, to put it another way: The identifiers of the first array correspond to the data values to the second array in the same order. Hence, both arrays, Indices and INT-Entries or REAL-Entries, must have the same length. If both are omitted, then the sparse array has defaultValue for all entries (see second example below). Either both arrays or none must be present - otherwise the PMML is not valid.

Examples:

Compressor 4.4 1 Dmg Engine

The array 0 3 0 0 42 0 0 can be written like this:

The array 0 0 0 0 0 0 can be written like this:

Matrix

In order to save space, a matrix can be stored as a diagonal or even sparse matrix.

The matrix is internally represented as a sequence of Arrays or MatCells. If arrays are used, then each array contains elements of one row in the matrix.
On the other hand MatCells contain the numeric value of the cell specified by row and col. Indices for rows and columns start with 1. If a sparse representation is used, diagDefault and/or offDiagDefault must be set to fill in if no value is given for a certain cell.
nbRows and nbCols give the dimensions of the Matrix. If one of them is not specified, the respective dimension is implicitly given by the representation. In case of sparse representation using MatCells, the respective dimension is given by the respective maximum filled entry.

The actual representation is triggered by the kind of the Matrix:

diagonal: The content is just one array of numbers representing the diagonal values.
symmetric: The content must be represented by Arrays. The first array contains the matrix element M(0,0), the second array contains M(1,0), M(1,1), and so on (that is the lower left triangle). Other elements are defined by symmetry.
any: Either specify all values via Arrays, or choose sparse structures using MatCells.

Evaluating a matrix element M(i,j) proceeds as follows:

The element is explicitly given, either in a MatCell with row=i and col=j, or in the j-th element of the i-th array of Matrix.
The attribute kind of the matrix is symmetric, and the element M(j,i) is explicitly given.
A default value is given, either in the attribute diagDefault, or in the attribute offDiagDefault.
No value can be calculated at this step. Calculation will be done only if a default behavior or additional information are given at a higher level.

Example:

Compressor 4.4 1 Dmg Model

The matrix can be written in the following ways (non-sparse and sparse representation):

Non-Scoring Models

Finding a good data mining model is often a process of trial and error. It is not unusual for a data mining algorithm to fail in its attempt generate model that is worthy of deployment. This is especially true during the early exploratory phase of the process, when a wide variety of variables are iteratively tested in search of finding that handful features in the data that can be exploited to meet a specific goal. Or, more fundamentally, most data mining algorithms have requirements must be met in order to operate properly. If, say, there is an insufficient amount of data or if there is a problem within the data, the algorithm may not produce a model at all. Alternatively, many data mining tools include features that will automatically eliminate variables that do not meet a certain criteria or enforce a minimum model quality requirement before allowing a model to be deployed.

PMML includes many features that help users understand the quality of their models, including Statistics and Model Explanation. These descriptive elements are useful for valid models and they can be even more valuable when trying to understand a failed modeling attempt. Ironic as this may seem, there is value in PMML's ability to represent both good and bad models, especially in systems where PMML is the only interface between the module generating the model and the module consuming it. But this also requires that the consumer can tell the difference between PMML that contains a valid model and PMML that should not be used for scoring.

For example, consider the case where all the independent variables for a regression model failed to meet the minimum importance criteria. The usageType of the MiningField for each variable could be set to supplementary instead of active and the producer could include UnivariateStats about each MiningField, statistics that would provide valuable descriptive information about why that variable was eliminated. Alternatively, imagine if the model did not meet some minimum criteria, the producer could include explanatory details in Model Explanation.

In these cases, the producer generating valid PMML would generate a regression model with no independent variables and no intercept, a 'y = 0' model. A consumer would have no way of knowing that it should not generate valid scores from such a model. And, if the consumer deployed this model for scoring, its users would have no way of knowing that the 0 scores should not be used.

While PMML does contain a MiningBuildTask element that can be used to describe the results of training, consumers are not required to process this element. In fact, prior to PMML 4.1, there was no way to produce syntactically valid PMML that did not contain a model, and there was no way to tell the consumer not to score that model.

Therefore, in PMML 4.1, an optional attribute isScorable was added to each PMML model element. If this attribute is true (which is the default if this attribute is absent), then the model should be processed normally. However, if the attribute is set to false, then the model producer has indicated that this model is intended for information purposes only and should not be used to generate results. Models with this attribute set to false are called 'non-scoring' models.

Producers who only generate models that are valid for scoring are unaffected by this change. But producers that wish to generate PMML that contain a non-scoring model should set this attribute to false as a clear indication that model is not intended for scoring.

Model consumers can choose not to deploy non-scoring models or deploy them only for visualization and not scoring. Alternatively, consumers that deploy for scoring a non-scoring model need to ensure that scoring always generates an invalid result. This should be the same result a model would generate if the model received an unhandled invalid input (an invalid value that is not handled by invalid value treatment, see MiningField for more information about invalidValueTreatment). By definition in PMML, any operation on an invalid input results in an invalid output. Similarly, any non-scoring model must only generate invalid results.

The PMML XSD contains required elements and attributes that must be present for the PMML to be valid, even for non-scoring models. Setting isScorable to false does not eliminate to need to meet XSD requirements in order for PMML to be considered valid. For example, each model element must contain a MiningSchema and there can be additional requirements for each model type (e.g., Regression models must have at least one RegressionTable, Trees must have one Node, etc.). For more details about the XSD requirements for non-scoring models, see the description of the isScorable attribute for each model type.